In the Combined Agenda 2063 scenario, the DR Congo's economy is 69% bigger in 2043 compared to its current development trajectory. A comprehensive policy push across all development sectors is needed to realise this vast potential and achieve sustained, inclusive growth.

Increasing good goverance and political stability in Senegal could lead to a rise of US$558 in GDP per capita by 2043. Greater peace and security is a potential catalyst for sustained economic growth and must be prioritised between now and 2043.

Africa needs vast amounts of energy to reduce poverty, but must embark upon a low-emissions growth pathway for its own and global interests. To realise such a transition away from coal and oil, Africa must be allowed to exploit its vast gas reserves while renewable energy sources continue to become more viable. International funding institutions, private sector investors and development agencies will need to assist the continent in exploring these gas reserves and achieving a just transition.

The implementation of differentiated carbon taxes and the pursuit of the Sustainable Africa scenario could offer a path to significant emission reductions and improved economic outcomes. Africa needs to prioritise adaptation if it wants to ensure the safety of communities and infrastructure amidst the ongoing climate crises.

A global carbon tax is essential, but coordinated efforts, including equitable distribution and shared responsibility, are imperative for effective climate governance in the 21st century.